转自：CGTN
Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Marco Balarezo is Peru's ambassador to China. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of CGTN.
编者按：“决策者”专栏是一个全球平台，供决策者分享他们对当今世界重大事件的见解。本文作者是现任秘鲁驻华大使马尔科·巴拉雷索。文章仅代表作者观点，而非本台观点。
This month, Peru will host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders' Meeting for the third time, following successful editions in 2008 and 2016. As the world continues to navigate complex geopolitical shifts and economic challenges, APEC Peru 2024 arrives as a significant opportunity for Peru to push for collective decisions and actions to achieve economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. What can we expect from this event, and how will Peru seize this moment to boost its domestic economy?
本月，秘鲁将第三次主办亚太经济合作组织（APEC）领导人非正式会议，此前分别于2008年和2016年成功举办。当前世界面临复杂的地缘政治演变和全球经济挑战，本届APEC会议将成为一个重要的契机，籍此秘鲁将着力推动各国共商决策、共同行动，以实现亚太地区的经济增长与繁荣。这次盛会将产出怎样的成果？秘鲁又将如何把握这一机遇，促进本国经济发展？
Strengthening multilateral ties for economic integration
加强多边关系 实现经济一体化
APEC has always been a fundamental pillar of economic and sectoral cooperation, fostering integration among the world's most dynamic economies. For Peru, this meeting is the most prestigious platform for engaging directly with global economic leaders. The opportunity to host APEC again underscores its strategic importance to Peru in the Asia-Pacific region and its commitment to facilitating regional dialogue, cooperation, sharing experiences and maintaining a stable and peaceful environment.
以经济与跨部门合作为主要抓手，APEC致力于推动全球最具活力经济体之间的一体化进程。对于秘鲁而言，该会议是与全球经济领袖直接对话的最高平台。再次主办APEC领导人非正式会议也凸显了秘鲁在亚太地区的战略重要性，以及其致力于促进地区对话、合作、经验分享和营造稳定和平环境的决心。
Particularly, over the last 35 years APEC has played an essential role in promoting trade and investment, and today Peru aims not only to continue this trajectory but also push forward critical initiatives in the new reality such as digital economy integration, green energy transitions and inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
在过去的35年里，APEC在促进贸易和投资方面尤其发挥了关键作用。如今，秘鲁不仅希望继续发扬这一发展成就，还致力于在新形势下推动包括数字经济一体化、绿色能源转型、包容和可持续经济增长在内的一系列重要倡议。
One of the most significant milestones achieved under Peru's APEC presidency has been the restoration of consensus within the forum after a challenging period when agreement was elusive. To date, 15 key outcomes have been approved unanimously, covering 10 ministerial declarations and five technical-political instruments on themes like economic inclusion for people with disabilities, women and trade, low-emission hydrogen development, sustainable finance and energy transitions in the Asia-Pacific.
在秘鲁此次担任轮值主席期间，取得的里程碑式成就之一是推动APEC成员重回共识，结束了此前各方难以达成协议的艰难时期。迄今为止，会议已一致通过15项关键成果，涵盖十项部长级宣言和五项技术政治文书，内容涉及残障人士经济包容性、女性与贸易关系、低排放氢能技术开发、可持续融资以及亚太地区能源转型等议题。
During the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting from November 10 to 16, Peru expects to approve four new ministerial declarations, the most important one being the leaders' declaration on a roadmap for the transition for a global and formal economy.
在11月10日至16日举行的APEC领导人非正式会议间，预计有四项新的部长宣言将获得通过，其中最为引人注目的是，各方领导人将发布关于全球经济与正规经济转型路线图的声明。
Leveraging APEC for domestic economic boost
借APEC东风 推动国内经济发展
Hosting APEC 2024 offers Peru an extraordinary opportunity to bolster its domestic economy, not just through the direct economic benefits of hosting thousands of delegates and participants but also by showing and enhancing investment opportunities. The anticipated participation of 5,000 delegates in the Leaders' Meeting, 1,200 CEOs and leaders in the APEC CEO Summit, and 2,500 journalists positions APEC 2024 as perhaps one of the largest gatherings in APEC's history. This level of engagement provides a unique platform for Peru to project itself as a solid and reliable partner, to present its investment opportunities and reaffirm its sound macroeconomic fundamentals and solid regulatory and legal framework for investment in the Asia-Pacific and the rest of the world.
承办2024年APEC会议为秘鲁提供了推动国内经济增长的绝佳机会，既能通过接待数千名代表和与会者获得直接经济效益，又能展示和提升其投资潜力。据预测，将有5000名各方代表参加此次领导人非正式会议，1200名企业首席执行官和领导人出席工商领导人峰会，同时还有2500名记者前来报道。2024年APEC会议有望成为历届APEC会议中规模最大的一届，为秘鲁提供了独特的平台，能彰显其作为可靠合作伙伴的形象，成为秘鲁向亚太乃至世界其他地区推介投资的机会，也是展现其稳健的宏观经济基本面，并宣介其良好的监管环境以及投资法规框架的机会。
The economic dynamics in the APEC region already reflect substantial growth, with exports to APEC economies representing 68.5 percent of Peru's total international transactions in 2023. Since joining APEC in 1998, Peruvian exports to APEC economies have multiplied by 14.7 times, demonstrating the forum's importance for Peru's economic growth. With over 70 percent of Peruvian companies exporting to APEC being micro and small enterprises, the Asia-Pacific provides a critical region of opportunities and incorporation in the regional and global supply chains.
APEC地区的经济已展现出蓬勃的增长态势，秘鲁2023年对APEC成员经济体的出口占据了其国际贸易总额的68.5%。自1998年成为APEC的一员以来，秘鲁向APEC经济体的出口量激增了14.7倍，这有力证明了APEC在推动秘鲁经济发展中的关键作用。在秘鲁向APEC经济体出口的企业阵营中，小微企业占比超过70%，这标志着亚太地区为秘鲁企业融入区域乃至全球供应链提供了宝贵的机遇。
An updated free trade agreement (FTA) between Peru and China, set to be signed during President Xi Jinping's upcoming visit, is another example of how APEC 2024 will bolster the economy. The enhanced FTA with China aims to incorporate the global supply chain, environmental protection and e-commerce, areas that are drastically reshaping international trade. This trade deal will not only enhance the volume of transactions but also broaden the scope for non-traditional sectors, such as agricultural and high-value fisheries exports, encouraging diversification away from a heavy reliance on mineral exports.
在此次习近平主席访问秘鲁之际，秘鲁将与中国签订更新版的自由贸易协定，这是2024年APEC会议助力秘鲁经济发展的又一例证。新版协定将整合全球供应链、环境保护和电子商务等正在重塑国际贸易格局的领域。此贸易协定的签署不仅有望提升贸易量，还将扩大如农产品和高价值渔业产品等非传统领域的出口，推动秘鲁经济从对矿产出口的过度依赖向多元化发展。
The construction of the Chancay Megaport, built 80 kilometers north of Lima, capital city of Peru, October 29, 2024. /Xinhua
Chancay Megaport and strategic ambitions
钱凯港彰显战略雄心
The $3.6 billion Chancay Megaport project north of Lima, set to become fully operational shortly after the APEC meeting, is a critical asset in Peru's infrastructure. It represents one of the largest port investments in South America by China's COSCO Shipping and Peruvian enterprise Volcan, transforming the Port of Chancay into a major hub for international trade in the Pacific. The deep-water port aims to open a fast and direct line between Latin America and Asia, significantly reducing the dependency on intermediary routes through Mexico or the United States, and establishing Peru as a gateway for South American trade to Asian markets.
坐落于首都利马以北、斥资36亿美元打造的钱凯港项目，是秘鲁基础设施建设的重要资产，将在APEC会议后不久全面投入运营。该项目是南美洲最大的港口投资之一，由中国远洋海运集团和秘鲁火山矿业集团共同投资，旨在将钱凯港打造为太平洋国际贸易的主要枢纽。作为一座深水良港，钱凯港将开辟拉丁美洲与亚洲之间的快速直达航线，极大减少对经由墨西哥或美国的中转运输路线的依赖，将秘鲁打造为南美贸易通往亚洲市场的门户。
The Port of Chancay is the starting point of a major economic transformation of Peru that will be done with the creation of logistical, industrial and technological parks and special economic zones in Chancay and Ancon district of Lima. Peru invites all APEC enterprises to invest in this near-term endeavor.
钱凯港只是秘鲁经济转型进程的起点。展望未来，我们计划在钱凯与利马安孔区域构建物流、工业、科技园区及经济特区，进一步推动经济转型。在此，秘鲁诚邀APEC各经济体企业为这一近期即将启动的重要项目投资。
Green energy and digital transformation
绿色能源和数字化转型
Another key priority for APEC Peru 2024 is the promotion of green and digital transitions. Peru has already engaged deeply in dialogues concerning a fair and sustainable energy transition, a topic that resonates well within the APEC community. In a time when global energy dynamics are shifting rapidly, Peru's efforts to promote hydrogen-based energy and other green alternatives within the APEC framework align with its broader domestic goals of enhancing energy security and mitigating environmental impacts.
2024年APEC秘鲁会议的另一个关键优先事项是推动绿色与数字化的双重转型。秘鲁已经深入参与关于公平与可持续能源转型的对话，这一议题在APEC成员经济体中引发了广泛共鸣。在全球能源格局快速转变的背景下，秘鲁在APEC框架内大力倡导氢能源及其他绿色替代能源的发展，这与其加强能源安全、减缓环境影响的国内目标高度契合。
In addition, the digital transformation agenda offers Peru an opportunity to close existing development gaps. The high-level APEC forum "Challenges and Opportunities of Digitalization in the Asia-Pacific Region" organized by Peru's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Digital Democracy, and the Electronic Engineering Chapter of CIP (Peruvian Engineers Association) last month aimed to deepen cooperation on digital matters, share experiences and best practices, and highlight the benefits of digitalization to the population.
此外，数字化转型议程为秘鲁提供了缩小现有发展差距的机遇。上月，由秘鲁外交部联合“数字民主”组织、秘鲁工程师协会电子工程分会举办的高级别APEC论坛“亚太地区数字化的挑战与机遇”成功举行，旨在深化数字领域合作，分享经验与最佳实践，并展示数字化转型给民众带来的积极效益。
Challenges and the path forward
前进之路上仍有挑战
APEC 2024 presents Peru with a unique opportunity to solidify its leadership in fostering regional cooperation amidst increasing global competition. The goals are to ensure that cooperation prevails over systemic competition and conflict. Peru hopes that the commitments and roadmaps agreed upon during APEC 2024 will materialize into practical and beneficial actions and to realize the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040 – a set of priorities endorsed by APEC leaders in 2020 for the next two decades, including the creation of a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) within the APEC framework, thus enhancing regional integration.
2024年APEC领导人非正式会议为秘鲁提供了一个宝贵的机会，使其在日益加剧的全球竞争中，能够巩固在推动地区合作领域的领导地位。我们的目标是通过合作的力量，超越全面竞争与冲突的局限。秘鲁希望，2024年APEC会议期间达成的各项承诺和行动计划能够转化为切实有效的行动，推动落实《布特拉加亚愿景2040》（APEC于2020年制定的未来二十年的优先事项），包括在APEC框架内创建亚太自由贸易区，从而促进区域一体化进程。
Moreover, Peru will emphasize the importance of formalizing the economic actors within the APEC economies. The formalization of the informal sector is a major priority due to the fact that more than 70 percent of Peru's economy is informal. This focus is aligned with the broader priority of "Innovation and digitalization to promote transition to the formal and global economy," which Peru proposed as one of the central themes for APEC 2024.
此外，秘鲁将着重强调在APEC经济体中促进经济主体正规化的重要性。秘鲁超过70%的经济均为非正规经济，因此非正规部门的正规化将成为秘鲁的一个主要优先事项，这与秘鲁提出的2024年APEC会议的核心主题之一“创新与数字化推动经济正规化与全球化转型”不谋而合。
To facilitate this transition, Peru will present a roadmap that includes structural reforms related to pension systems, labor standards and regulations, which are essential to managing the shift towards formalization. Financial inclusion, digital access and the ability to access public services are also vital components of this roadmap. Notably, digital tools have been identified as instrumental in reducing informality by lowering transaction and registration costs, thereby making it easier for enterprises to formalize.
为实现正规化转型，秘鲁将提出路线图，涵盖与养老金体系、劳动标准和法规相关的结构性改革，这些都是实现经济正规化转型的关键。金融包容性、数字接入和公共服务的可及性也是该路线图的重要组成部分。值得注意的是，该路线图充分认识到数字工具在降低交易成本、简化注册流程，进而减少经济活动非正规性方面的关键作用，为企业的正规化进程铺设了便利之路。
The roadmap will cover a five-year horizon, with annual reviews to assess progress among member economies. The aim is for these recommendations to have the legitimacy of collective decision-making within APEC, providing Peru with access to cooperation and expertise from organizations like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to strengthen public policies aimed at reducing informality.
该路线图为期五年，并设有年度评估机制，以评估各成员经济体的进展。其目标是使这些建议具有APEC集体决策的合法性，为秘鲁提供与OECD等组织合作的机会，获取专业知识，以加强旨在减少非正规经济的公共政策。
To summarize, as Peruvian Foreign Minister Elmer Schialer Salcedo stated, one of the legacies that Peru hopes to leave from its pro-tempore presidency of the APEC forum is to move towards a comprehensive free trade area in the Asia-Pacific and the transition from an informal economy to a formal one, a problem that affects Peru and several economies in the region – along with the APEC for the People initiative – as a permanent line of action in the region.
总之，正如秘鲁外长斯基亚莱尔所言，秘鲁在担任APEC会议轮值主席期间，期望达成的一项重要成果便是推动构建亚太地区的全面自由贸易区，并实现从非正规经济向正规经济的转型，这是秘鲁和该地区多个经济体面临的共同问题。此外，推动“APEC为民众”（APEC for the People）倡议成为该地区的常设行动方针也是其预期成果之一。
A bright horizon for Peru and APEC
秘鲁与APEC的光明前景
In conclusion, APEC Peru 2024 represents an extraordinary moment for Peru to advance its domestic and regional agendas. By focusing on themes of economic inclusion, sustainability, digital transformation and infrastructure development, Peru is positioned to enhance its role as a strategic actor within the Asia-Pacific region. The Chancay Megaport, renewed trade agreements, and commitments to energy transition and digital innovation are all elements that contribute to Peru's vision for a modern, integrated economy.
总的来说，此次APEC会议为秘鲁提供了一个独特的契机，推动其国内和区域议程的进展。通过聚焦经济包容性、可持续性、数字化转型和基础设施发展等主题，秘鲁有望进一步强化其在亚太地区的战略角色。钱凯港、新版贸易协议以及致力于能源转型和数字化创新的决心，都将推动秘鲁实现现代化、一体化的经济愿景。
The APEC Economic Leaders' Week (AELW) will be the highlight of Peru's APEC presidency in 2024, culminating in discussions centered around inclusive and interconnected growth, formalizing the economy and fostering sustainable development. The AELW includes several key meetings, including the concluding senior officials' meeting, the annual ministerial meeting and the 31st APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, under the theme "Empower. Include. Grow."
APEC领导人会议周将是秘鲁2024年作为APEC主席国的高光时刻，届时将围绕包容性和联动增长、经济正规化以及推动可持续发展等主题展开讨论。APEC领导人会议周包括几场重要会议，涵盖高级官员闭幕会议、年度部长级会议和第31次APEC领导人非正式会议，主题为“赋权、包容、成长”。
Peru has shown through its stewardship of APEC that small nations can exert considerable influence in shaping global economic policies. By emphasizing cooperation over conflict and inclusivity over isolation, APEC 2024 stands as a testament to the idea that prosperity and economic inclusive growth can be achieved in a way that benefits all partners. As Asia-Pacific leaders gather in Lima, Peru is ready not only to host but to lead – proving once again that the nation's voice is one of hope, partnership and progress in the Asia-Pacific region.
通过主办APEC会议，秘鲁展示出，即便是小国，也能在塑造全球经济政策中发挥巨大的影响力。2024年APEC秘鲁会议强调合作优于冲突，包容优于孤立，证明了繁荣和包容性的经济增长可以惠及所有合作伙伴。当亚太各国领导人齐聚利马时，秘鲁不仅为当好东道主做好了准备，更愿意成为本次盛会的领导国。这再次证明了秘鲁在亚太地区的地位，是一股代表着希望、合作与进步的重要力量。
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