图源：视觉中国
今天（3月12日）是我国第46个植树节。“双碳”目标提出后，森林碳汇备受关注。今年1月，《江苏省林业行业碳达峰碳中和实施方案（2021—2060年）》正式印发。方案提出，到2025年，江苏省林木覆盖率达到24.1%，森林和湿地碳汇能力有较大提升，林业碳汇能力得到巩固并稳中有增。
As March 12 marksNational Tree Planting Day, a review reveals that Jiangsu Province has madesolid progress in expanding forest coverage and enhancing carbon sink capacity.
In January, theprovince announced its implementation plan to peak carbon emissions and achievecarbon neutrality from 2021 to 2060. Jiangsu aims to increase its forestcoverage rate to 24.1% by 2025, with significant improvements in the carbonsink capacity of wetlands andmaintenanceof stable growth in forests.
江苏林木覆盖率持续上升，从1982年的6.32%提高到2023年的24.09%，这也意味着植树造林空间越来越小。近年来，江苏省充分挖掘盐碱地、废弃地、海堤沿岸、河道路网等未利用区域造林复绿。
Jiangsu's forestcoverage rate rose from 6.32% in 1982 to 24.09% in 2023, indicating lessavailable space for afforestation. In recent years, the province has fully tappedinto unused areas，such as saline-alkaline land, abandonedland, coastlines and rivers for afforestation and ecological restoration.
在东台市新川农场的一片盐碱地上，皂荚、落羽杉、楝树、乌桕和榔榆交错排列，移栽两年多后，这些树的枝干如小臂一般粗，高度均超过3米。“这片地盐碱含量高，从千分之三到千分之二十不等，直接栽树很难成活，需要先通过疏通水系排盐、增施有机肥来降盐改土。”江苏省林业科学研究院沿海防护林试验站站长隋德宗说，2019年，东台市与省林科院合作，持续开展耐盐林木种质资源收集、良种选育、盐碱土改良和沿海防护林营建技术研究和推广工作，计划用10年时间在1000亩盐碱地上营建一片高标准沿海防护林。
In Dongtai City,saline-alkali soil on Xinchuan Farm has been used to cultivate honey locust,swamp cypress, chinaberry, Chinese tallow and Chinese elm, which have adaptedto the environment and now measure over three meters after two years. This sitehas a high salt content, ranging from 0.3-2%, and few trees can directly survivehere, making it necessary to amend the soil by draining the salt and addingorganic fertilizers, explained Sui Dezong, director of the Coastal ProtectiveForest Experiment Station of the Jiangsu Academy of Forestry. Since 2019,Dongtai has cooperated with the academy to continuously research the salttolerance of trees, plant breeding and soil improvement, aiming to build ahigh-standard coastal protective forest on 1,000 mu (approximately 66.6hectares) of saline-alkaline land.
“这片落羽杉苗是2019年种的，初期栽植较密，间距不到1米，这样能更快郁闭，减少土壤水分蒸发，防止返盐，密布的根系可以使板结的土壤变得疏松，落叶混到土壤里可以增加有机质。现在这些苗木要间株才能长得更壮，可以移栽到附近其他盐碱地上造林。”隋德宗说，团队持续开展乌桕、楝树等沿海乡土树种的遗传育种工作，目前已收集保存耐盐乡土林木种质资源2200份，并选育出耐盐楝树、乌桕和榔榆等林木良种及新品种19个。
“今年，江苏省计划完成造林绿化20万亩、森林抚育30万亩，新建、改造提升绿美村庄310个。”江苏省林业局造林处相关负责人介绍，将以沿海、沿京杭大运河、沿江、沿淮等“两纵两横”生态廊道为骨架，依法依规扩大森林资源和绿化面积，多渠道增加林业碳汇，并推进森林生态系统结构优化、质量提升，增强森林固碳能力和湿地碳汇潜能。
在泗洪洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区，退圩还湖后围埂被破除，芦苇自由生长。该保护区管理处副主任张明说，去年保护区实施杨毛嘴严重退化湿地生态修复面积1500余亩，还联合中国科学院等单位在洪泽湖湿地率先开展内陆淡水湿地碳汇研究。
The Hongze LakeWetland National Nature Reserve in Sihong County has become a reed paradiseafter the original fishing ponds and land reclamation activities were phasedout. The nature reserve’s deputy director Zhang Ming stated thatecological restoration was conducted on a weakened wetland area totaling 1,500mu last year, and it also worked with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topioneer the study of wetland carbon sink.
去年，宿迁成为省级林业碳汇试点市。宿迁市自然资源和规划局相关负责人介绍，《宿迁市朱海碳汇造林规划设计》《宿迁市黄河故道生态廊道森林碳汇价值评估》等项目设计方案已通过专家论证，沭阳县营造25亩碳中和林，用于中和2019国际生态环境新技术大会462吨二氧化碳当量，去年11月经专业监测，预计到2031年可以中和相应碳排放。
In 2023, Suqianwas designated as a provincial pilot city for forest carbon sink, which has itsprojects including an afforestation plan approved by experts. The city’s Shuyang County plans to create 25 mu offorest, compensating for the 462 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions from theInternational Summit of New Technology for Ecology and Environment 2019.According to professional monitoring in November 2023, this goal is expected tobe achieved by 2031.
