转自：CGTN
CGTN旗舰时事评论栏目《对话》与国际宇航联合会联袂制作《对话世界》特别节目“迈向安全和平的外空”/CGTN
编者按：在2022年国际宇航大会期间，CGTN旗舰时事评论栏目《对话》与国际宇航联合会联袂制作《对话世界》特别节目“迈向安全和平的外空”。多国重磅航天专家、学者与爱好者线上线下齐聚一堂，探索和平开发利用外层空间，商讨全球空间治理体系。
Editor's Note: During the time that the International Astronautical Congress 2022 is being held in Paris, CGTN's current affairs show "Dialogue" collaborated with the International Astronautical Federation to produce a special program "Space Exploration for a Shared Future," inviting renowned experts, professionals and space enthusiasts from all over the world to explore the peaceful uses of outer space and global space governance.
面对紧张国际局势 专家呼吁加强太空探索合作与交流
1951年, 国际宇航联合会成立，旨在摈弃政治分歧，确保航天国家之间的持续对话。70多年来，太空探索的不断发展让科幻小说照进现实。人们逐渐步入曾经只存在于想象中的宇宙世界，感受太空的奇妙与魅力。如今，面对分歧加剧的国际局势，安全和平地探索太空离不开国际合作与交流。本次特别节目邀请了来自世界各地的重磅专家、学者和太空爱好者，探索和平开发利用外层空间，商讨全球空间治理体系。
Founded in 1951, the International Astronautical Federation was established to overcome political differences and to ensure continuous dialogue between nations involved in space exploration. For more than 70 years, science fiction has transformed into science fact, ushering in a new cosmic era which previously had only existed in the imagination. Today, as nations decouple and diverge, collective planning and international cooperation have become more important than ever for space exploration. This special program invited renowned experts, professionals, and space enthusiasts from all over the world to explore the peaceful uses of outer space and global space governance.
欧洲空间局局长约瑟夫·阿施巴赫/CGTN
IAF候任主席、旅行者空间控股公司首席营收官克莱顿·莫里/CGTN
欧洲空间局局长约瑟夫·阿施巴赫在节目中指出，和平合作是太空时代空间探索的一个显著特征，也是二十世纪空间探索留下的重要遗产。
Josef Aschbacher, Director-General of the European Space Agency, pointed out that peaceful cooperation in space exploration is a distinctive feature of the space age and an important legacy of 20th-century space activities.
国际宇航联合会候任主席、旅行者空间控股公司首席营收官克莱顿·莫里表示，全球合作对建立可持续生态系统以及促进太空经济繁荣至关重要。他强调，“空间探索的未来是光明的。我们需要更多合作，以确保空间拥有可持续的未来。团结起来，我们就能将其变成现实。”
Clayton Mowry, Incoming President of the International Astronautical Federation and Chief Revenue Officer of Voyager Space Holdings, said that global collaboration is crucial to building a sustainable ecosystem and enabling a thriving space economy. "Please know that the future of space exploration is bright. We need more collaboration to ensure a sustainable future in space. Together, we can make it happen."
相较于其他航天强国，尽管中国航天事业起步较晚，但是近年来，中国在航天技术方面不断进步，取得了新一代运载火箭、中国空间站建设、月球探测和火星探测等一系列航天新成果。
Compared with other nations, China's space industry started late. In recent years, however, China has made new achievements in space exploration, represented by the new generation of launch vehicles, the construction of China's space station, lunar explorations and the Mars mission.
对此，中国运载火箭技术研究院院长王小军在其主旨演讲中表示：“中国航天愿与世界各国携手同行，不断加强合作交流，共享发展成果，共商规则，构建人类太空命运共同体。”
"China's space industry is willing to work hand in hand with the rest of the world to continuously strengthen cooperation and exchanges, share the fruits of development, discuss rules and build a space community which is a shared future for all mankind," said Wang Xiaojun, President of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.
王小军指出，未来，以太空资源开发、太空旅游、太空制造等为代表的新兴产业将蓬勃发展，航天科技将与人类生活更加紧密融合。以合作和共享为基石的太空探索有利于增加人类福祉，提升社会对航天的认识，形成良性循环。
He added that in the future, emerging industries represented by space resource development, space tourism and space manufacturing will flourish, and space technology will be more closely bound with human life. Space exploration based on cooperation and sharing will benefit all mankind while also promoting public awareness of space industries, thereby forming a virtuous circle.
从月球到火星 是探索太空也为改善地球
一直以来，月球和火星一直是太空探索的热门目的地。中国已经成功实现火星漫游车登陆，以及月球探测器着陆。中国嫦娥五号探测器带回地球的月球样本分析表明，月球表面的矿物质含有大量太阳风成因水。
The Moon and Mars have long been a priority of space exploration. China has successfully landed a rover on Mars and has sent probes to the Moon. The analysis of moon samples brought back to Earth by China's Chang'e-5 probe suggests that minerals on the lunar surface have a high content of solar-wind-derived water.
同时，美国国家航空航天局也计划通过太空发射系统向月球轨道发射阿尔忒弥斯1号月球火箭，并计划于2024年发射载人火箭阿尔忒弥斯2号，于2025年用阿尔忒弥斯3号实现宇航员登陆，为人类未来探索火星做准备。
At the same time, NASA is also to launch its long-delayed flight Artemis 1 with its new Space Launch System (SLS) to the moon's orbit, with the plan of launching Artemis 2 with astronauts in 2024 and bring astronauts to the surface of the moon with Artemis 3 in 2025 to prepare for the human exploration of Mars in the future.
多国重磅航天专家、学者与爱好者线上线下齐聚一堂，探索和平开发利用外层空间，商讨全球空间治理体系。/CGTN
寻找生命、了解星体表面、为未来人类探索做准备……人类对月球与火星的探索从未停歇。亚太空间合作组织理事长许岩松说：“完成登月任务，无论是人类登陆还是机器人作业，对我们未来的太空探索都非常重要。”他表示，月球探索是行星际探索的重要踏脚石，月球探索所研究的就地资源可被用于进一步的深空探测。
To search for life, to understand the stars, and to prepare for future human exploration… There have been many reasons to march forward to the Moon and Mars. Xu Yansong, Director-General of Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization, said that "the lunar presence, either as a human or robotic mission, is very important for our future missions." He added that lunar exploration is an important stepping stone for interplanetary explorations, and the in-situ resources studied through lunar exploration can be used for further deep space missions.
国际宇航联合会主席帕斯卡尔·亨弗雷德/CGTN
国际宇航联合会主席帕斯卡尔·亨弗雷德补充道，人们在宇航员健康、太空栖息地建设以及就地资源利用方面还需要进行大量研究，其中有许多就可以在月球上做准备。她说：“火星是我们的邻居，过去可能也曾有过生命，甚至现在还可能有生命存在。这些我们都还不知道。很多火星任务的目的就是研究火星与地球的区别。”
Pascale Ehrenfreund, IAF President, added that much research must be done on astronaut health, habitats-building and in-situ resource utilization, many of which can be prepared on the Moon. "Mars is our neighbor planet that may have also developed life in the past. There might still be extant life on Mars. We don't know. Many of those Mars missions are also investigating how planet Mars developed differently from ours."
美国航天基金会高级副总裁史蒂夫·艾森哈特则强调太空探索对促进科学、医学和气候研究的作用。他表示：“我们不是为了探索而探索。所有这些努力终归是为了改善地球上每个人的生活，不仅仅是为某一个国家。这才是探索的最终目的，我们不应该忽视这一点。”
Steve Eisenhart, Senior Vice President of the Space Foundation, said that space exploration serves the purpose of improving research in science, medicine and climate. "We don't explore just for the sake of exploration. All of these efforts, at the end of the day, I think are bettering everyone's life on earth, not just any one nation. And that – as sort of an ultimate purpose of exploration – is something that we should not lose sight of."
来自全球各地的航天爱好者以线上的形式全程参与节目/CGTN
如何突破困难促合作 专家建言献策立信心
中美两国在空间探索领域是竞争大于合作还是合作大于竞争？美国制裁会影响中国航天业发展吗？发展中国家如何更好地参与国际空间合作？未来是否会出现新一轮“太空竞赛”？来自全球各地的航天爱好者以线上的形式全程参与节目，踊跃提问。
Will there be more competition or more cooperation between China and the U.S. in the space sector? Will sanctions affect the development of China's space industry? How can developing countries join space exploration? And will there be a second space race in the future? Space enthusiasts from around the world participated in the show online and asked multiple questions.
许岩松表示，尽管目前一些立法问题阻碍了中美两国在政府层面开展空间合作，但是商业领域仍然存在合作的可能。他相信两国在政府层面、行业层面和商业领域都有很大的合作空间，因而十分看好未来的合作潜力和可能性。
Xu Yansong said that despite a number of legislative issues halting bilateral cooperation between China and the U.S. in space exploration at the governmental level, there are approaches and possibilities in the commercial sector. "There's great potential to be explored at the governmental level，the industry level and the commercial level as there are many possibilities for cooperation," said Xu Yansong. "I see good potential and good possibilities in the future."
史蒂夫·艾森哈特指出，随着时间的推移，中美未来会有更多的合作可能性。哪怕是冷战高峰时期, 美国和当时的苏联都能合作，后来也与俄罗斯继续在国际空间站开展合作。
Steve Eisenhart said that over time there will be more possibilities for China and the U.S. to cooperate. Even at the height of the Cold War when the United States and the then-Soviet Union, and afterwards Russia, collaborated and worked on the international station.
针对中美是否会展开一场新的“太空竞赛”，许岩松表示：“不同的国家有各自的考虑。但要升级为太空竞赛会涉及宏大的政治和战略考量。”
In regards to whether there will be another space race between China and the U.S., Xu Yansong said "Different countries have their own interests. But to become a space race, this will involve huge political and strategic considerations."
张帆教授以火星探测器采样以及探月任务为例阐述了中美发展航天业的不同之处。美国的航天任务有很多私人公司参与，他们有不同的利益诉求，所以美国更倾向于发射多枚火箭，同时运送众多设备完成不同任务。而中国倾向于在低轨道组合成一个巨大组合体再一起运送上天。“中美两国的路径非常不同，在某种程度上是不可直接比较的。而且从另一方面来说，有两种不同的方式实际上更好，可以相互补充。所以我不太担心这会变成恶性的太空竞赛。”
Zhang Fan elaborated on the different approaches of China and the U.S. in space exploration. For instance, in the Mars and Moon missions, the U.S. tends to send multiple rockets and let them work on different tasks because private companies also participate in this process, which have different interests. By contrast, Chinese missions tend to be a combo of a massive ship with assembly in low earth orbit. "The approaches are very different. In a way, it's not directly comparable anymore. It is actually good to have two different approaches to back each other up in the case either one doesn't work out," said Zhang Fan. "So, I'm not too worried that this is turning out to be a very harmful space race."
阿塞拜疆航天局副局长杜那·巴迪克哈诺夫/CGTN
阿塞拜疆航天局副局长杜那·巴迪克哈诺夫则呼吁加强空间探索方面的国际合作，以和平利用太空为目的，加强全球空间治理，制定国际空间法，并促进航天大国和新兴航天国家之间的对话。
Dunay Badirkhanov, Vice-Chairman of the Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, called for strengthening international cooperation in space exploration for the peaceful purposes of global governance of outer space activities, development of international space law and dialogue among space-faring and emerging space nations.
